摆脱定势逆向思维利用语法分析语篇标志解题
利用语法分析解题
完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目。对于他们，考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点，对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成分，哪类词合适，应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、谓语形式、非谓语形式、及物、不及物、持续性质、非持续性质、主谓搭配以及其如何与其它词类配合使用等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其进行分析解答完形填空题是一种非常有效的解题方法。
例如，
The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon’s face was black from the extreme cold.
46. A. Though B. Since C. When D. If
46. C考查时间状语从句。A. Though虽然；B. Since因为，自从；C. When当；D. If如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选C。
本小题考查的是时间状语从句，属于语法项目，表示… 时候，先行词用when来引导。
随时随地背单词
英语单词速记
抗遗忘英语单词速记
利用语篇标志解题
语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群，段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。如：表示结构层次的语篇标志的词有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等。表示逻辑关系的有：thus， therefore，so等；表示改变话题的有：by the way等；表示递进关系的有besides, what is more, further等; 表示时间关系的有 before, so far, yet, meantime, meanwhile, now, later等等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章脉络，弄清上下文关系。
例如，
Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was 41 along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road.
43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If
43. C考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。as意思是“当……时候”。
根据语境分析，本段大意是Larry在Transport Drivers, Inc.这个公司当司机，当他给客户送完货，在回去的路上沿165道路向北行驶。突然他看到一辆亮点灯的车，当他走得更近时，他又发现了一辆车坏在路上。本小题as是本句与前面句子间表明其内在联系的词语，先是看到一辆车亮着灯，然后才决定走过去。当走近的时候，又看到了另一辆车坏在路上。
摆脱定势逆向思维
考生如果学习方法不当，对某些知识点进行了过度强调，就会产生思维定势。例如过度强调make sb. do sth.这一结构，当看到 make sb.时就会不假思索地用不带to的不定式do sth.作宾语补足语。其实make sb. 后面也有可能接不定式短语的。如：The father made a paper tiger to please his son. 不过to please his son不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语。思维定势使一些考生形成猜题的心理。完形填空题中常利用反猜手段设计一些似是而非的题目，利用学生的思维定势，诱导学生“误入歧途”。
41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twenty more were 42 .
41.A. From B. On C. By D. After
41. C考查介词辨析。A. From从，自；B. On在……上面；C. By通过，在……之前；D. After在……之后。“by+时间”与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时，故选C。
本题倘若不是分析语法和语境，考生第一感觉很可能选B，因为介词on和某一天是常用习惯搭配。
总之，完形填空解题时要注意运用适当的技巧，克服急躁心理，试着从上下文角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度、惯用法和固定搭配及语法和词义角度等多角度来进行分析，也就是把多种方法结合起来。
Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.
To perfect her skills, Lola 1 for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.
That’s especially impressive. 2 she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can’t 3 how far away things are.
When she was little, her mom 4 that even though she couldn’t see 5 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three. She loved the 6 right away and gymnastics became her favorite.
Though learning gymnastics has been more 7 for her than for some of her tournaments, she has never quit. She doesn’t let her 8 stop her from doing anything that she wants to.
She likes the determination it takes to do the sport. Her biggest 9 is the balance beam. Because she has double vision, she often sees to beams. She must use her sense of touch to help her during her routine. Sometimes she even closes her eyes. “You have to 10 your mind that it’ll take you where you want to go.” says Lola.
To be a top-level gymnast, one must be brave. The beam is probably the most 11 for anyone because it’s four inches wide. At the state competition, Lola didn’t fall 12 the beam. In fact, she got an 8.1 out of 10---- her highest score yet.
Lola doesn’t want to be 13 differently from the other girls on her team. At the competitions, the judges don’t know about her vision 14 . She doesn’t tell them, because she doesn’t think they need to know. Her mom is amazed by her 15 attitude.
Lola never thinks about 16 . She is presently at level 7 while the highest is level 10 in gymnastics. Her 17 is to reach level 9. She says she wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids 18 she grew up.
Lola is 19 of all her hard work and success. She says it’s helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics, too. Her 20 for others is “just believe yourself”.
1. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances
2. A. since B. unless C. after D. though
3. A. tell B. guess C. assume D. predict
4. A. suspected B remembered C. imagined D. noticed
5. A. deeply B. well C. ahead D. closely
6. A. task B. sport C. event D. show
7. A. boring B. enjoyable C. different D. unsatisfactory
8. A. talent B. quality C. nature D. condition
9. A. doubt B. advantage C. challenge D. program
10. A. examine B. express C. open D. trust
11. A. fearful B. harmful C. unfair D. inconvenient
12. A. to B. on C. off D. against
13. A. greeted B. treated C. served D. paid
14. A. pains B. stresses C. injuries D. problems
15. A. positive B. friendly C. flexible D. caution
16. A. defending B. quitting C. winning D. Bargaining
17. A. standard B. range C. view D. goal
18. A. until B. as C. when D. before
19. A. proud B. tired C. ashamed D. confident
20. A. plan B. advice C. reward D. responsibility
