英语短语动词知识点详解及训练
短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组，其作用和动词相当。
一、动词+介词
相当于一个及物动词，其后必须有宾语，且只能放在介词后，不能放在动词和介词之间。在被动语态中，整个短语动词要看做一个整体。
We must look into the matter immediately. 我们必须马上调查此事。
The shop was broken into by thieves last night.昨夜盗贼闯进了那家商店。
二、动词+副词
这类短语动词有些相当于及物动词，有些相当于不及物动词。
1.及物动词+副词
相当于及物动词，可用于被动语态，可有宾语。如果宾语是人称代词或反身代词，其结构是“动词+代词+副词”；如果宾语是名词，既可放在副词之前，也可放在副词之后；如果宾语是不定代词，常放在副词之后。
She picked it up. 她把它捡了起来。
She picked the book up./She picked up the book.她把书捡了起来。
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相当于一个不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，其后不能接宾语。
The plane took off in spite of the fog. 尽管有大雾，飞机还是起飞了。
三、动词+名词+介词
相当于及物动词，需跟宾语，可作谓语动词，也可作非谓语动词。词类短语动词大多可用于被动语态。
Those houses were set fire to by the enemy soldiers.那些房子被敌军放火烧了。
The land should be made rational use of. 土地应当合理地利用。
四、动词+副词+介词，相当于及物动词。
Please keep out of her affairs.请不要介入她的事。
The old law must be done away with.旧的法律必须废除。
The mental aspect of athletics is underrated. The common expression，“athletics are 90 percent 1 and 10 percent physical，” is often used by coaches, and stresses that mindsets make a huge 2 in competitions.
“The physical aspect of the sport can only take you 3 ，” said Olympic gold medalwinning gymnast Shannon Miller during an interview with the Dana Foundation. “The mental aspect has to 4 ， especially when you’re talking about the best of the best. In the Olympic games, everyone is talented. Everyone 5 hard. Everyone does the work. What 6 the gold medalists from the silver medalists is simply the mental game.”
Many athletes have used the technique of mental imagery, or 7 ， to perform at their best. Research on the brain patterns of 8 found that the patterns activated when a weightlifter lifted heavy weights were activated 9 when they simply imagined lifting and some studies have suggested that mental 10 can be almost as effective as physical training. One study, published in the Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology in 1996, found that 11 weight lifting caused 12 changes in muscle activity.
“Mental imagery 13 many cognitive(认知的) processes in the brain: motor control，attention, perception, planning, and memory，” researcher Angie LeVan wrote in Psychology Today. “So the 14 is getting trained for actual performance during visualization. It’s been found that mental practices can enhance motivation, increase confidence, improve motor performance and 15 your brain for success.”
16 visualizing is more than just thinking about an upcoming event. 17 athletes use visualization, they truly feel the event taking place in their mind’s eye.
“During visualization, she incorporates(整合) all of her 18 into the experience，” sports psychologist Dr. JoAnn Dahlkoetter wrote in a blog post on The Huffington Post 19 a speed skater she works with. “She feels her forefoot pushing off the track, she hears her skating splits，and she sees herself racing ahead of the competitors. She experiences all of the elements of her race 20 ore executing (完成) her performance.”
1．A.lucky B．intelligent C．mental D．strategic
2．A.difference B．importance C．improvement D．challenge
3．A.so long B．so far C．so much D．so high
4．A.turn on B．show off C．take up D．set off
5．A.thinks B．moves C．runs D．trains
6．A.breaks B．pushes C．decides D．distinguishes
7．A.activation B．visualization C．motivation D．perception
8．A.athletes B．gymnasts C．weightlifters D．skaters
9．A.regularly B．normally C．finally D．similarly
10．A.connection B．practice C．performances D．directions
11．A.imagining B．considering C．reviewing D．dreaming
12．A.few B．usual C．actual D．strange
13．A.impacts B．increases C．slows D．follows
14．A.brain B．body C．attention D．memory
15．A.help B．apply C．use D．prepare
16．A.Though B．But C．Thus D．Otherwise
17．A.Unless B．After C．When D．Until
18．A.observations B．spirit C．determination D．senses
19．A.to B．for C．about D．with
20．A.in surprise B．in detail C．on time D．for example
